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数学部分新题解析

573. A study compared a sample of Swedish people older than 75 who needed in-home assistance with a similar sample of Israeli people. The people in the two samples received both informal assistance, provided by family and friends, and formal assistance, professionally provided. Although Sweden and Israel have equally well-funded and comprehensive systems for providing formal assistance, the study found that the people in the Swedish sample received more formal assistance, on average, than those in the Israeli sample.

Which of the following, if true, does most to explain the difference that the study found?

A. A companion study found that among children needing special in-home care, the amount of formal assistance they received was roughly the same in Sweden as in Israel.

B. More Swedish than Israeli people older than 75 live in rural areas where formal assistance services are sparse or nonexistent.

C. Although in both Sweden and Israel much of the funding for formal assistance ultimately comes from the central government, the local structures through which assistance is delivered are different in the two countries.

D. In recent decades, the increase in life expectancy of someone who is 75 years old has been greater in Israel than in Sweden.

E. In Israel, people older than 75 tend to live with their children, whereas in Sweden people of that age tend to live alone.

题目大意

一个调查比较了一个75岁以上的需要家庭援助的瑞典人和一个同样的以色列人。这两个人都接受了来自家庭和朋友的非正式援助和专业提供的正式援助。虽然瑞典和以色列都有同样的雄厚资金和综合的系统可以提供专业的援助，研究发现瑞典的人接受的援助比以色列的更专业。

解题思路

问题问选项如果是真的话，可以解释研究发现的不同，也就是解释为什么两个国家的系统和资金相同，但瑞典人接受的援助更专业。

A：一项伴随的研究发现，在需要特殊家庭护理的儿童中，在瑞典接受的正式援助数量与以色列大致相同。错，原文说的是老人，和儿童无关。

B：更多瑞典的75岁以上老人住在乡村，那里的专业援助服务很少或者根本没有。错，说反了，是瑞典的服务比以色列多。

C：虽然瑞典和以色列很多资金来自中央政府，但是两个国家提供提供援助的当地机构不同。错，政府给的钱一样，但是到具体执行的部门时有不同，使得两个国家的老人接受的援助不同，但是没有说出谁多谁少，无法解释原文。

D：在最近几年，75岁以上老人的预期寿命在增加，以色列增加的比瑞典多。错，老人的寿命和接受援助无关。

E：在以色列，75岁以上的人更倾向于和子女一起生活，瑞典人则是自己生活。正确，以色列人和子女一起生活就不需要其他人来援助了，而瑞典人就需要，所以瑞典人接受的援助多于以色列。

答案：E